Mitchell, R. (1995). Index to the Constitution of the United States. In CQ's guide to the U.S. Constitution. Washington: CQ Press. Retrieved August 19, 2005, from CQ Electronic Library, CQ Encyclopedia of American Government

Index to the Constitution of the United States

	Art.	Sect.	Para.
A
Accused persons, rights of	A5
(second reference)	A6
Admiralty cases	III	2	1
Admissions of new states	IV	3	1
Alcohol	A18
Ambassadors
appointment procedure	II	2	2
court cases affecting	III	2	1
received by president	II	3
Amendment procedure	V
Appointments by president	II	2	2
Apportionment of representatives among states
based on population	I	2	3
cause for reduced representation	A14	2
Armed forces (See Military establishment)
Assembly, right of	A1
Attorney, right to assistance of	A6
B
Bail, reasonable	A8
Bankruptcy, laws concerning	I	8	4
Bicameral legislature provided for	I	1
Bills of attainder prohibited
to Congress	I	9	3
to states	I	10	1
Bills of credit, prohibition on states	I	10	1
Borrowing money	I	8	2
C
Cabinet officers, appointment of	II	2	2
Cabinet officers' reports	II	2	1
Captures on land and water	I	8	11
Census of population	I	2	3
Checks and balances system
executive on judicial
grants pardons and reprieves	II	2	1
nominates judges	II	2	2
executive on legislative
altering president's salary prohibited	II	1	7
recommendations to Congress	II	3
special sessions of Congress	II	3
state of union message	II	3
veto power	I	7	2
judicial on executive
impeachment trials	I	3	6
judges' term of office	III	1
judicial review power	(See Note A)
judicial on legislative
judges' salaries may not be lowered	III	1
judges' term of office	III	1
judicial review power	(See Note A)
legislative on executive
confirms president's appointments	II	2	2
consents to president's treaties	II	2	2
controls appropriations	I	7	1
(second reference)	I	8	1
(third reference)	I	8	12
establishes executive departments	II	2	2
impeachment power	I	2	5
(second reference)	I	3	6
(third reference)	II	4
investigates executive branch	(See Note B)
override of president's veto	I	7	2
role in filling office of president	A12
(second reference)	A25	4	2
legislative on judicial
change Court's appellate jurisdiction	III	2	2
change Court's size	(See Note C)
confirms appointments of judges	II	2	2
determines punishment for treason	III	3	2
establishes, abolishes lower courts	III	1
impeachment power	I	2	5
(second reference)	I	3	6
(third reference)	II	4
proposes amendments to Constitution	V
Chief Justice role in impeachment trials	I	3	6
Citizens
definition	A14	1
equal status in all states	IV	2	1
rights guaranteed in all states	A14	1
voting rights protected	A14	2
Civil officers, causes for removal	II	4
Civil rights and liberties
arms, right to possess	A2
assembly, right of	A1
bail must be reasonable	A8
bill of attainder prohibited	I	9	3
(second reference)	I	10	1
contracts, states may not interfere with	I	10	1
criminal cases, defendants' rights in
accusations against	A6
attorney for defense	A6
due process of law guaranteed	A5
(second reference)	A14	1
grand jury indictment	A5
testifying against self prohibited	A5
trial by jury	III	2	3
two trials (double jeopardy) prohibited	A5
witnesses against, right to confront	A6
witnesses, obtaining for defense	A6
equal protection of laws in states	A14	1
equal status of all states' citizens	IV	2	1
ex post facto laws prohibited	I	9	3
(second reference)	I	10	1
former slaves
guaranteed citizenship	A14	1
voting rights of	A15
habeas corpus privilege guaranteed	I	9	2
involuntary servitude, limits on	A13
jury trials guaranteed	III	2	3
(second reference)	A6
(third reference)	A7
petition government, people's right to	A1
press, freedom of	A1
private property protected	A5
punishments, restrictions on	A8
quartering of soldiers, restrictions on	A3
religion, freedom of	A1
religious test not required for public office	VI		3
republican form of government guaranteed	IV	4
rights of citizens of states	A14	1
rights reserved to the people	A9
searches and seizures, restrictions on	A4
speech, freedom of	A1
traitor's relatives may not be punished	III	3	2
unstated rights also guaranteed	A9
voting rights
all races	A15
citizens 18 years and older	A26
District of Columbia residents	A23	1	2
former slaves	A15
penalty to states for denying	A14	2
poll tax prohibited	A24
of women	A19
Commander in chief powers	II	2	1
Commerce, power to regulate	I	8	3
Commissioning officers of U.S.	II	3
Common defense, power to provide for	I	8	1
Common law suits, citizens' rights in	A7
Compensation
judges	III	1
members of Congress	I	6	1
(second reference)	A27
president	II	1	7
Confederacy debts invalid	A14	4
Confederation debts honored	VI		1
Congress
adjournment of	I	5	1
(second reference)	I	5	4
by president	II	3
annual meetings required	A20	2
convening of	I	4	2
(second reference)	II	3
(third reference)	A20	2
expelling of members	I	5	2
House of Representatives (See main entry)
implied powers of	I	8	18
journal of proceedings	I	5	3
law-making procedure	I	7	2
legislative power of	I	1
meeting date	A20	2
members of
compulsory attendance by	I	5	1
expelling of	I	5	2
legality of qualifications	I	5	1
privileges	I	6	1
prohibitions on	I	6	2
providing for punishment of	I	5	2
salary	I	6	1
voting records of	I	7	2
(second reference)	A27
money powers (See Money)
organization of	I	4	1
(second reference)	I	5	1
(third reference)	I	5	2
powers of concerning
amending the Constitution	V
armed forces	I	8	12
(second reference)	I	8	13
(third reference)	I	8	14
(fourth reference)	I	8	15
(fifth reference)	I	8	16
bankruptcies	I	8	4
borrowing money	I	8	2
captures on land and water	I	8	11
census of population	I	2	3
commerce, regulation of	I	8	3
congressional elections	I	4	1
copyright laws	I	8	8
counterfeiting, punishment of	I	8	6
courts below Supreme Court	I	8	9
(second reference)	II
crimes on high seas	I	8	10
currency, regulation of	I	8	5
debts of U.S.	I	8	1
defense	I	8	1
District of Columbia government	I	8	17
electoral system	II	1	4
(second reference)	A12
executive branch, investigation of	(See Note B)
foreign affairs	II	2	2
general welfare, providing for	I	8	1
impeachment power	I	2	5
impeachment, trials of	I	3	6
income tax	A16
international law, define and punish	I	8	10
marque and reprisal, letters of	I	8	11
military appropriations	I	8	12
naturalization rules	I	8	4
"necessary and proper" laws	I	8	18
new states, admission of	IV	3	1
patent laws	I	8	8
post offices and roads	I	8	7
presidency, vacancies in	II	1	6
(second reference)	A20	3
(third reference)	A20	4
(fourth reference)	A25	4
presidential disability	A25	4
presidential electors	II	1	4
presidential nomination of vice president	A25	2
president's veto, override of	I	7	2
(second reference)	I	7	3
proceedings, rules of	I	5	2
property of U.S.	IV	3	2
states' official acts	IV	1
Supreme Court jurisdiction	III	2	2
Supreme Court size	(See Note C)
taxes	I	7	1
(second reference)	I	8	1
treason, punishment of	III	3	2
treasury funds, withdrawal of	I	9	7
treaties	II	2	2
trials, location of	III	2	3
war, declaration of	I	8	11
weights and measures, standards of	I	8	5
prohibitions on concerning
assembly, people's right of	A1
bills of attainder	I	9	3
direct taxes	I	9	4
ex post facto laws	I	9	3
habeas corpus privilege	I	9	2
petition government, right to	A1
poll taxes	A24
preferential treatment of ports	I	9	6
press, freedom of	A1
religion, freedom of	A1
speech, freedom of	A1
taxing states' imports	I	9	5
titles of nobility	I	9	8
voting rights	A15
(second reference)	A19
(third reference)	A26
quorum	I	5	1
resolutions of	I	7	3
Senate (See main entry)
special sessions of	II	3
Constitution
purposes of	Preamble
ratification of	VII
support of by all public officials	VI		3
supremacy of	VI		2
Contracts, no interference with by states	I	10	1
Copyrights, Congress' power to grant	I	8	8
Counsel, right to assistance of	A6
Counterfeiting, punishment of	I	8	6
Courts
establishment of by Congress	I	8	9
(second reference)	III	1
jurisdiction of	III	2	1
(second reference)	III	2	2
(third reference)	III	2	3
restrictions on in common law suits	A7
Criminal trials, guarantees in	III	2	3
(second reference)	A5
(third reference)	A6
D
Debts
of Confederation honored	VI	1
incurred aiding rebellions, invalid	A14	4
incurred suppressing rebellions, valid	A14	4
U.S., payment of by Congress	I	8	1
Declaration of War	I	8	11
Defendants, rights of in criminal cases	III	2	3
(second reference)	A5
(third reference)	A6
Defense, power to provide for	I	8	1
Direct taxes prohibited	I	9	4
District of Columbia
government of	I	8	17
voting rights in	A23
Domestic violence, states protected against	IV	4
Double jeopardy prohibited	A5
Due process of law guarantees
accused persons, rights concerning
accusations against	A6
attorney for defense	A6
double jeopardy prohibited	A5
grand jury indictments	A5
testifying against self	A5
trial by jury	III	2	3
(second reference)	A6
witnesses against	A6
witnesses on behalf of	A6
bail must be reasonable	A8
bills of attainder prohibited
to national government	I	9	3
to state government	I	10	1
contracts may not be interfered with	I	10	1
equal protection of laws by states	A14	1
equal status of all states' citizens	IV	2	1
ex post facto laws prohibited
to national government	I	9	3
to state governments	I	10	1
former slaves guaranteed citizenship	A14	1
habeas corpus privilege protected	I	9	2
involuntary servitude, limits on	A13
private property protected	A5
rights of citizens of states	A14	1
searches and seizures, limits on	A4
trial by jury	III	2	3
(second reference)	A6
(third reference)	A7
E
Eighteenth amendment (banning alcohol)
repealed	A21	1
"Elastic clause"	I	8	18
Elections
poll tax, prohibited in	A24
presidential, date of	II	1	4
states' authority over	I	4	1
Electoral system	II	1	2
(second reference)	II	1	4
(third reference)	A12
(fourth reference)	A23
Eligibility for office
president	II	1	5
representatives	I	2	2
senators	I	3	3
"Enumerated" powers of Congress	I	8
Equal protection of laws guaranteed	A14	1
Ex post facto laws prohibited
to national government	I	9	3
to states	I	10	1
Executive department (See also President)	II
Executive officers must support Constitution	VI		3
Export duties, limits on states to levy	I	10	2
Extradition of fugitives by states	IV	2	2
F
Federal officers
must support Constitution	VI		3
religious test not required of	VI		3
Federal system
national government powers
admission of new states	IV	3	1
enumerated powers of Congress	I	8	1 17
foreign affairs	II	2	2
implied powers of Congress	I	8	18
income tax	A16
judicial review power	(See Note A)
military powers	II	2	1
national courts' jurisdiction	III	2	1
Supreme Court's jurisdiction	III	2	2
national government, restrictions on
dividing or joining states	IV	3	1
miscellaneous prohibitions	I	9
powers reserved to states, people	A10
state governments, guarantees to
protection of boundaries	IV	3	1
protection against invasion, violence	IV	4
republican form of government	IV	4
right of consent to be sued	A11
state governments, powers reserved to	A10
state governments, relations between
mutual recognition of citizens' rights	IV	2	1
mutual recognition of official acts, etc.	IV	1
state governments, restrictions on
miscellaneous prohibitions	I	10	1
powers requiring consent of Congress	I	10	2
(second paragraph)	I	10	3
Fines, reasonable	A8
Foreign affairs	II	2	2
Foreign commerce, regulation of	I	8	3
Foreign money, regulation of	I	8	5
Foreign representatives as parties in court	III	2	1
Freedoms guaranteed to individuals	A1
Fugitives, extradition of by states	IV	2	2
"Full faith and credit" clause	IV	1
G
General welfare, Congress' power	I	8	1
Grand jury indictments, when required	A5
H
Habeas corpus privilege protected	I	9	2
House of Representatives (See also Representatives)
election to	I	2	1
election of officers	I	2	5
eligibility for election to	I	2	2
quorum for choosing president and VP	A12
Speaker of	I	2	5
(second reference)	A25	3
(third reference)	A25	4
special powers concerning
electoral system	A12
impeachment power	I	2	5
money bills	I	7	1
order of succession to presidency and vice presidency	A20	4
states' representation in	I	2	3
terms of members	I	2	1
vacancies in	I	2	4
I
Impeachment
officials subject to	II	4
penalties upon conviction of charges	I	3	7
power of	I	2	5
reasons for	II	4
trials of	I	3	6
Implied powers of Congress	I	8	18
Import duties, limits on states to levy	I	10	2
Income tax, power to levy	A16
Indian tribes, commerce with	I	8	3
International law, offenses concerning	I	8	10
Interstate commerce, power to regulate	I	8	3
Interstate shipping duties prohibited	I	9	6
Intoxicating liquors, states may prohibit	A21	2
Invasions, states protected against	IV	4
Involuntary servitude, limits on	A13	1
J
Judicial department (See also Supreme Court)
establishment of	III
judicial review power	(See Note A)
judges, national
confirmation of nominations	II	2	2
impeachment of	I	2	5
impeachment trials of	I	3	6
must support Constitution	VI		3
nomination of	II	2	2
term of office	III	1
judges, state, must support Constitution	VI		2
jurisdictions
lower courts	III	2	1
Supreme Court	III	2	2
Jury trials
in common law suits	A7
in criminal cases	III	2	3
(second reference)	A6
location of	III	2	3
L
"Lame duck" amendment	A20
Laws of nations, offenses against	I	8	10
Laws, president's duty to carry out	II	3
Law-making powers	I	1
Law-making procedures	I	7	2
(second reference)	I	7	3
Legislative department (See also Congress)	I
Liberties guaranteed to the people	A1
M
Maritime cases	III	2	1
Marque and reprisal, letters of
denied to states	I	10	1
granted to Congress	I	8	11
Military establishment
congressional powers
army	I	8	12
navy	I	8	13
military appropriations	I	8	12
military regulations	I	8	14
militia	I	8	15
(second reference)	I	8	16
war, declaration of	I	8	11
presidential powers	II	2	1
states' right to maintain militia	A2
Military trials exempt from grand juries	A5
Money
borrowing	I	8	2
coining and regulating value	I	8	5
debts of U.S.	I	8	1
income tax	A16
military appropriations	I	8	12
powers denied to states	I	10	1
tax power	I	7	1
(second reference)	I	8	1
treasury funds, control of	I	9	7
N
National defense (See Military establishment)
National Guard (See Military establishment)
Naturalization rules	I	8	4
Navy (See Military establishment)
"Necessary and proper" clause	I	8	18
Nobility titles prohibited	I	9	8
O
Oath of office of president	II	1	8
P
Pardons and reprieves	II	2	1
Patents	I	8	8
People, powers reserved to	A10
Petition the government, right to	A1
"Pocket Veto"	I	7	2
Poll tax prohibited	A24
Post offices and post roads	I	8	7
Powers of government
executive	II	1
judicial	III	1
legislative	I	1
Presidency, succession to	II	1	6
(second reference)	A20	3
(third reference)	A20	4
(fourth reference)	A25	1
President
compensation of	II	1	7
disability of	A25	3
(second reference)	A25	4
duties of	II	3
executive power of	II	1	1
election of, procedure	II	1	2
(second reference)	II	1	4
(third reference)	A12
eligibility for office	II	1	5
impeachment of
impeachment power	I	2	5
impeachment trial	I	3	6
penalties involved	I	3	7
law-making role of	I	7	2
oath of office	II	1	8
powers of concerning
appointments	II	2	2
bills passed by Congress	I	7	2
military forces	II	2	1
pardons and reprieves	II	2	1
resolutions of Congress	I	7	3
special sessions of Congress	II	3
temporary Senate appointments	II	2	3
treaties	II	2	2
vacancy of vice presidency, filling	A25	2
removal from office, reasons for	II	4
procedure for	I	2	5
(second reference)	I	3	6
term of office	II	1	1
(second reference)	A20	1
(third reference)	A22	1
President of Senate	I	3
(second reference)	A12
President-elect, death before inauguration	A20	3
Press, freedom of	A1
Privacy, right to	A4
Private property, protection of	A5
(second reference)	A14	1
Probable cause	A4
Property, U.S., control of	IV	3	2
Public officials
prohibitions on	I	9	8
religious test not required of	VI
removal of, reasons for	II	4
support of Constitution required of	VI		3
Punishments must be reasonable	A8
Purposes of Constitution	Preamble
R
Race no bar to voting	A15
Ratification of amendments	V
Ratification of Constitution	VII
Rebellion participants barred from office	A14	3
Religion, freedom of	A1
Religious test not required for public office	VI		3
Removal of public officials, reasons for	II	4
Representatives
arrest, privileged from	I	6	1
basis of apportionment among states	I	2	3
(second reference)	A14	2
election by the people	I	2	1
election of	I	4	1
eligibility for office	I	2	2
may not be presidential electors	II	1	2
must support Constitution	VI		3
prohibitions on	I	6	2
salaries of	I	6	1
(second reference)	A27
term of office	I	2	1
(second reference)	A20	1
Republican government guaranteed to states	IV	4
Reserved powers	A10
Resolutions of Congress	I	7	3
Revenue bills	I	7	1
Rights (See Civil rights and liberties)
S
Salaries
judges	III	1
members of Congress	I	6	1
(second reference)	A27
president	II	1	7
Sea laws	I	8	10
(second reference)	I	8	11
Search and seizure, limits on	A4
Self-incrimination, protection against	A5
Senate (See also Senators)
composition of	I	3	1
eligibility for office	I	3	3
equal vote of states guaranteed in	V
number of members	I	3	1
officers of	I	3	5
powers of concerning
foreign affairs	II	2	2
president's appointments	II	2	2
president's treaties	II	2	2
successor to vice president	A20	4
electoral system	A12
impeachment trials	I	3	6
president of	I	3	4
(second reference)	A12
president of, pro tempore	I	3	5
(second reference)	A25	3
(third reference)	A25	4
term of members	I	3	1
staggered terms provided for	I	3	2
tie-breaking vote in	I	3	4
vacancies in	I	3	2
Senators
arrest, privileged from	I	6	1
election by the people	A17
may not serve as presidential electors	II	1	2
must support Constitution	VI		3
prohibitions on	I	6	2
qualifications for office	I	3	3
salaries	I	6	1
(second reference)	A27
term of office	I	3	1
Separation of powers feature
executive power	II	1	1
judicial power	III	1
legislative power	I	1
Slavery abolished	A13
Slaves, former
guaranteed citizenship	A14	1
voting rights of	A15	1
Slave trade protected until 1808	I	9	1
Soldiers, quartering of	A3
Speaker of House of Representatives	I	2	5
(second reference)	A25	3
(third reference)	A25	4
Speech, freedom of	A1
State officials must support Constitution	VI		3
State of Union message	II	3
States
admission to Union	IV	3	1
agreements with foreign nations	I	10	3
agreements with other states	I	10	3
apportionment of representatives of	I	2	3
census of population	I	2	3
equal status of all states' citizens	IV	2	1
equal vote in Senate guaranteed	V
extradition of fugitives between	IV	2	2
formation of, conditions for	IV	3	1
judges of bound by Constitution	VI		2
mutual recognition of official acts	IV	1
as parties in court	III	2	1
(second reference)	A11
powers of concerning
admission of new states	IV	3	1
congressional elections	I	4	1
intoxicating liquors	A21	2
militia	I	8	16
(second reference)	A2
ratifying amendments	V
selection of presidential electors	II	1	2
vacancies in House of Representatives	I	2	4
vacancies in Senate	A17
powers needing consent of Congress	I	10	2
(second reference)	I	10	3
powers reserved to	A10
prohibitions on concerning
civil rights and liberties	A1 A9
equal protection of the laws	A14	1
miscellaneous subjects	I	10
poll taxes	A24
voting rights, age	A26
voting rights, all races	A15
voting rights, both sexes	A19
voting rights, former slaves	A15
protected against invasion, violence	IV	4
relations between	IV
representation in House of Representatives	I	2	3
reduced due to denying civil rights	A14	2
representation in Senate	I	3	1
guaranteed equal among all states	V
republican form of government preserved	IV	4
right of consent to be sued	A11
Supreme Court
appointment of justices	II	2	2
judicial review power	(See Note A)
jurisdictions	III	2	2
size of	(See Note C)
term of office	III	1
Supreme law of the land (Constitution)	VI		2
T
Tax power	I	7	1
(second reference)	I	8	1
Terms of office
judges	III	1
president	II	1	1
(second reference)	A20	1
(third reference)	A22	1
representatives	I	2	1
(second reference)	A20	1
senators	I	3	1
(second reference)	A20	1
vice president	A20	1
Territory, U.S., control of	IV	3	2
Tonnage duties	I	10	3
Traitor's family may not be punished	III	3	2
Treason
definition	III	3	1
punishment of	III	3	2
requirements for conviction of	III	3	1
Treasury, controls on	I	9	7
Treaties
making and approving	II	2	2
states may not make	I	10	1
Trial by jury, guarantees	III	2	3
(second reference)	A6
(third reference)	A7
(fourth reference)	A14	1
Trials, criminal, guarantees in	III	2	3
Troops, states may not keep in peacetime	I	10	3
U
Union debts valid	A14	4
U.S. government as party in court	III	2	1
U.S. officers subject to impeachment	II	4
U.S. property, control of	IV	3	2
V
Vacancies
House of Representatives	I	2	4
Judges	II	2	2
Presidency	II	1	6
(second reference)	A20	3
(third reference)	A20	4
(fourth reference)	A25	1
(fifth reference)	A25	3
(sixth reference)	A25	4
Senate	I	3	2
(second reference)	A17		2
temporary appointments to fill	II	2	3
vice presidency	A25	2
Veto procedure	I	7	2
Vice presidency
order of succession to	A20	4
succession to	A25	2
Vice president
conditions for assuming presidency	II	1	6
(second reference)	A20	3
(third reference)	A25	1
(fourth reference)	A25	3
(fifth reference)	A25	4
removal from office	II	4
role in declaring president disabled	A25	4
role in Senate	I	3	4
term of office	A20	1
Vice president-elect succeeds to presidency	A20	3
Voting rights
all races	A15	1
citizens 18 years and older	A26
former slaves	A15	1
penalty to states for denying	A14	2
poll tax prohibited	A24	1
women	A19
W
War
declaration of	I	8	11
states' power limited	I	10	3
Warrants to search and seize	A4
Warships in peacetime	I	10	3
Weights and measures, standards of	I	8	5
Witnesses in criminal trials	A6
Women's right to vote	A19